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On 18 November 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued the Papal bull ''Unam sanctam''〔The bull is known by its incipit: ''Unam sanctam ecclesiam catholicam et ipsam apostolicam urgente fide credere cogimur et tenere, nosque hanc firmiter credimus et simpliciter confitemur, extra quam nec salus est, nec remissio peccatorum...'' ("In one holy catholic and apostolic church, we are, urged by our faith, compelled to believe, and we do firmly believe and simply confess that outside of it there is neither salvation nor remission of sins...").〕 which some historians consider one of the most extreme statements of Papal spiritual supremacy ever made. The original document is lost but a version of the text can be found in the registers of Boniface VIII in the Vatican Archives. The Bull lays down dogmatic propositions on the unity of the Catholic Church, the necessity of belonging to it for eternal salvation, the position of the pope as supreme head of the Church, and the duty thence arising of submission to the pope in order to belong to the Church and thus to attain salvation. The pope further emphasizes the higher position of the spiritual in comparison with the secular order. The main propositions of the Bull are the following: First, the unity of the Church and its necessity for salvation are declared and established by various passages from the Bible and by reference to the one Ark of the Flood, and to the seamless garment of Christ. The pope then affirms that, as the unity of the body of the Church so is the unity of its head established in Saint Peter and his successors. Consequently, all who wish to belong to the fold of Christ are placed under the dominion of Peter and his successors. ==Content== Most significantly, the bull proclaimed, "outside of her (the Church) there is neither salvation nor the remission of sins".〔See ''Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus''.〕 It is an extreme form of the concept known as "''plenitudo potestatis''" or the plenitude of power; it declares that those who resist the Roman Pontiff are resisting God's ordination. The bull also declared that the Church must be united, the Pope was the sole and absolute head of the Church: The Bull also stated: The swords being referred to are a customary reference to the swords yielded by the Apostles upon Christ's arrest (Luke 22:38; Matthew 26:52).〔 Early theologians believed that if there are two swords one must be subordinate to the other. It then became a spiritual hierarchal ladder, the spiritual judges the secular "on account of its greatness and sublimity,〔 while the lower spiritual power is judged by the higher spiritual power, etc.〔 Thus, it was concluded, the temporal authorities must submit to the spiritual authorities, not merely on matters concerning doctrine and morality: "For with truth as our witness, it belongs to spiritual power to establish the terrestrial power and to pass judgment if it has not been good." The bull ends: In the bull, Boniface reiterates what popes since the time of Gregory VII had been declaring. Much of what is said can be taken from the writings of Bernard of Clairvaux, Hugh of St. Victor, and Thomas Aquinas.〔''Catholic Encyclopedia''〕 The bull also contains writing from the letters of Innocent III, who mainly reasserted the spiritual power and the "''plenitudo potestatis''" of the papacy.〔 A voice heavily noticed in the bull is Egidius Romanus (Giles of Rome), who some hold might have been the actual writer of the bull. In his writing ''On Ecclesiastical Power'', Giles voices the supremacy of the Roman Pontiff over the material world. His line of argument states that since the body is governed by the soul and the soul is governed by the ruler of the spiritual, the Roman Pontiff therefore is governor of both soul and body. According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' in the registers, on the margin of the text of the record, the last sentence is noted as its real definition: "''Declaratio quod subesse Romano Pontifici est omni humanae creaturae de necessitate salutis''";〔 thus this phrase, like some in canonic scripture, may have moved from an original position as a marginal gloss to an integral part of the text as it has been accepted. Some believe that this is the only dogmatic definition in the bull because the rest is based on differing "papal claims of the thirteenth century".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Unam sanctam」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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